Gauss’ law

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Flux of an electric field

fold/unfold

$$ \begin{flalign*} \Phi_E = \oint\vec{E}\cdot d\vec{A} && \end{flalign*} $$

fold/unfold

$$ \begin{flalign*} & \epsilon_0\Phi = q_{enc} \\ & \Rightarrow\epsilon_0\oint\vec{E}\cdot d\vec{A} = q_{enc} && \end{flalign*} $$

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Kirchhoff's voltage law(KCL) If there are n currents flowing into or out of a node, they satisfy the following equation.

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Definition of electric field fold/unfold $$ \begin{flalign*} \vec{E} = \frac{\vec{F}}{q_0} && \end{flalign*} $$